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��õ��仹��ͺ�Ӷ�� 10-13
HCl(ag) + NaOH(aq)

NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

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HCl + NaOH
NaCl + H2O

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NaCl + H2O

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�� Ҩ�դӶ�� "��ԡ��Դ��ҧ��" ��觹ѡ�Է��ʵ��ɮ�͸Ժ�¡��Դ��ԡ�� ˹��㹷�ɮշ��͸Ժ�¡��Դ��ԡ��͹��ҧ�Ѵਹ �� ��ɮա�ê� (collision theory) ��觡�� "��ԡ��Ҩ��Դ��鹡��͹��Ҥ�ͧ��Ƿӻ�ԡ�� (�е�� š�� ͹ ) �Դ��ê��ѹ ��ҡ�ê��շ�ȷҧ��վ�ѧ�ҹ�ҡ�͡�з��ѹ��ᵡ�͡��ҧ�繾ѹ��" ��觷�ɮա�ê��͸Ժ��੾�л�ԡ��շ��ҷӻ�ԡ��ҵ��ͧ͹��Ҥ�� Ҩ��ͧ͹��Ҥ��͹�ѹ��ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ��

�ҡ��ɮա�ê��ѧࡵ�� ê��ʺ��͡�ê��Դ��ü�Ե�ѳ��е�ͧ��Сͺ��ͧ��Сͺ��Ӥѭ�ͧ��ҧ ��

1. ��ȷҧ�ͧ��ê� (orientation of collision)

2. ��ѧ�ҹ�ͧ��ê� (energy of collision)

1. ��ȷҧ�ͧ��ê�

��ҧ ��ԡ��ҧ��е�� (K) �Ѻ��䴴� (CH3I) ��䴴� (KI) ��͹�� (CH3)

��ԡ��ҹ��Դ��շ��ش�� K ��Ѻ I 㹷�ȷҧ��š�� CH3I �ѹ��ҹ�е��ͧ I �� K �µç ��ǹ��ê��е��ͧ K ��Ѻ CH3 ��鹨��繡�ê��Դ��Ե�ѳ��ҡ��᷺��Դ�� ѧ��㹡��֡�ҨŹ��ʵ��ը֧��þԨ�óҡ�èѴ��Ǣͧ��š�Ţ��Դ��ê��

��Ҩ��ͧ��ͧ�ͧ��ɮա�ê�� ҡ礧�ͨ��ͧ�Ҿ�͡�� õ�駵��ͧ͢��Ǥ��Դ��ԡ�� ͹��Ҥ��ͧ͢��͹�� ੾�� ѹ��ºպ��͹��Ҥ��ҪԴ�ѹ�ҡ�� ԡ��ҡ��Դ��ҡ��

2. ��ѧ�ҹ�ͧ��ê�

͹��Ҥ��ѹ㹷�ȷҧ��ǡ��ѧ��§�� 觷��Ӥѭ�ҡ��ҹ�鹡�� ѧ�ҹ ��ж֧��͹��Ҥ�Ъ��ѹ㹷�ȷҧ��١��ͧ��ѧ�ҹ�ͧ͹��Ҥ��ҡ��§�� Ҩ��Դ��ԡ��

��Һ��ҡ��Դ��ԡ��Ǣ�ͧ�Ѻ��¾ѹ��ҧ�ѹ�� 觡��¾ѹ��ͧ��ѧ�ҹ��ҧ��͹ ��ѧ�ҹ㹷��;�ѧ�ҹ��¡�� ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ�� (activation energy) ��ͧ

͹��Ҥ��誹�ѹ��ͧ�վ�ѧ�ҹ�Ź��ѹ��դ��ҧ��ҡѺ��ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ�� (activation energy, Ea) ��繾�ѧ�ҹ��ӷ��ش��Դ��ԡ�� վ�ѧ�ҹ��ӡ��ҹ��Դ��ԡ�� վ�ѧ�ҹ�Ź��ѧ��ê��ҡ��ҡѺ��ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ�� ͹��Ҥ�ͧ��õ�駵鹷��Ҫ��ѹ��ǡѹ�Դ����û�Сͺ�ԧ��͹��ѹ�� (activated complex) ��ԧ��͹��§��Ǣ�� ѧ�ҡ��鹨��¹��ü�Ե�ѳ��

�Ԩ�óһ�ԡ�� A + B --------> C + D

��ҿ�ʴ��¹�ŧ��ѧ�ҹ�ѡ��Ѻ
�) ��ԡ��Ҥ�¤��͹ �) ��ԡ��Ҵٴ��͹

�ҡ��ҿ

��ü�Ե�ѳ��Դ��վ�ѧ�ҹ��ӡ��õ�駵� (��ü�Ե�ѳ��ʶ��á��õ�駵�) 㹢��Դ��ԡ��ҡ��ա�ä�¤��͹�Ǻ��仴�� Ҩ֧��¡��ԡ��Ҫ�Դ�� ��ԡ��Ҥ�¤��͹ (exothermic reaction)

��ü�Ե�ѳ��Դ��վ�ѧ�ҹ�ҡ��õ�駵� (��ü�Ե�ѳ��ʶ��ù��¡��õ�駵�) 㹢��Դ��ԡ��ҡ��ա�ôٴ��͹�Ǻ��仴�� Ҩ֧��¡��ԡ��Ҫ�Դ�� ��ԡ��Ҵٴ��͹ (endothermic reaction)

��ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ��º��͹��ѧ��͹��Ҥ��վ�ѧ�ҹ��ӡ��Ҿ�ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ��Դ��ԡ�� 㹻�ԡ��ҷ�� ͹��Ҥ�ͧ��õ�駵��ѡ�ըӹǹ�ҡ ��ըӹǹ͹��Ҥ��§�ҧ��ǹ��վ�ѧ�ҹ�Ź��ҡ�ͷ��Т��ѧ�� ͹��Ҥ��ҹ��͹��Ҥ��͡�ʪ��ѹ��Դ��ԡ��

�ٻ��ᨡᨧ��ѧ�ҹ�ͧ͹��Ҥ�ͧ��-�ū��ѹ�� (Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution)

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��ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ��繾�ѧ�ҹ��š�Ū��ѹ ��ѧ�ҹ�ͧ��š�� ѧ�� š�ŷ��վ�ѧ�ҹ��ӡ�� Ea�Ҩ��ѹ��վ�ѧ�ҹ�֧ Ea��

͹��Ҥ㹾�鹷��ҿ�ҧ��ҹ��Ңͧ��ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ��ҹ�鹷��͡�ʪ��ѹ��Դ��ԡ��͹��Ҥ��վ�ѧ�ҹ�٧ ��ǹ͹��Ҥ㹾�鹷��ҿ�ҧ��ҹ��¢ͧ��ѧ�ҹ��͡��ѹ��͹��Ҥ��ǹ�˭��͡�ʪ��ѹ��վ�ѧ�ҹ�ҡ�ͷ��Դ��ԡ��

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