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Executive Summary This research analyzed the suitable number of students for the private technical and vocational education colleges. The main purpose of this survey research is to get a figure of students for the most managerial efficiency to build workforce capability. The study collected data from both primary and secondary data to conduct quantitative research. It was focused on an analysis of the suitable number of students in each of private technical and vocational education colleges, in order to survive in challenging market. The scope of this analysis was on private colleges that only provide technical and vocational education including achieving to the external quality assurance certification. Key factors include: - Total income: This covers estimated annual revenues. i.e., the money received from student fees, government subsidies, grants and revenue from shops, canteens, dormitories, and so on. - Total cost: This covers salaries and compensation paid, welfare money, teaching material expenses, utility cost, repair and maintenance expenses for building and equipment, advertising and office billings, bad debts and other expenses. and - The student numbers The key findings of this research could be summed up as follows: 1. A review of both public and private vocational schools was shown that they were typically located in the Northeast at respectively 27.4 and 37.3 percent of the total. The private colleges were also found in Bangkok Metropolitan and Eastern Region at 32.1 percent of the total number of public and private vocational schools. - Average number of students in public and private technical and vocational education colleges was clearly different i.e., 1,609 and 619 respectively. There was a high variation for number of students in private technical and vocational education colleges. - Ubonratchathani Technical College in the Northeast was the public technical and vocational education colleges that got the largest number of students, a total of 7,386, while Siphraya Polytechnic College in Bangkok got the smallest number of 72 students. As for the private technical and vocational education colleges, Eastern Technological College, located in the East, got the largest number of students, a total of 9,036, while Kanchanaburi College of Commerce and Technology got the smallest number of 2 students. When the size of the colleges were classified according to the number of students into five groups, from smallest to largest, it was revealed that the majority of public technical and vocational education colleges were of the largest group (> 2000 students) or about 28.57 percent of the total. This finding was opposite to the majority of private technical and vocational education colleges: they were mainly in the smallest group (≤ 500 students) or about 59.48 percent of the total. On the other groups, it was shown that both public and private technical and vocational education colleges were relatively small size (501-1,000 students), respectively about 26.90 and 21.55 percent of the total. 2. College management efficiency. This study used the external evaluation of education quality on private technical and vocational education colleges during 2011-2015. It was shown that 256 private technical and vocational education colleges were certified from external quality assurance. A total of 15 colleges achieved the excellent level. In 2015, there were 29 proposals for evaluation and 13 colleges, or about 44.83 percent were approved. 3. An analysis of the suitable number of students: This research has gathered data from 464 private technological and vocational education colleges. There were 119 respondents. This study was used purposive sampling from 256 certified private technical and vocational education colleges, 90 respondents or 35.15 percent were selected. Also, this study had removed outliers, which resulted in a total of 87 samples for further analysis. 4. Problems and Suggestions: This study had been surveyed obstacles private colleges facing on providing technical and vocational education and suggestions on how to address the top issues. The results were shown that the majority of respondents (36.78%) did not have any operating problems. It followed that 32.18 percent of respondents did not have any suggestion, while the other 31.03 percent face the problems. It implied that about half of private technical and vocational education colleges needed the government assistance on management. Considering on the details by grouping, the most common problem was the number of students dropped causing the reduction in revenue and the difficulty in management (freq. = 8). It was followed by the problem of rules and regulations on proportionately low student fees and government subsidies comparing to wages. Thus, it was resulted in the lack of budget for teaching materials and tools as well as building refurbishment. The disproportion of government subsidies on public and private technical and vocational education colleges and prolong of the transfers. The difference of enrollment schedules and times between public and private technical and vocational education colleges including the limited chance to reach out to prospect students and parents: Overall, it could be said that private technical and vocational education colleges center their problems on an increasing number of students that would increase efficiency in management and education quality. 1. The number of students decreased causing revenues to decline and negative effects on management. 2. An increase in student fees and government subsidies were lower than wages, resulting in the lack of budget for teaching materials and tools, building refurbishment as well as overall development. 3. The disproportion of government subsidies on public and private technical and vocational education colleges and prolong of the transfers. 4. The difference of enrollment schedules and times between public and private technical and vocational education colleges 5. High schools deny the introductory meeting thus the prospect students did not have precise information on technological and vocational education 6. Social value in technological and vocational education was trivial. Suggestions from private technical and vocational education colleges on vital issues that the Office of Vocational Education Commission should deliver are as follows, appropriate planning on the allocation of students between public and private technical and vocational education colleges, and the fairness of government subsidies. It was followed by an equal opportunity for human resource development, relief funds and social benefits between public and private technical and vocational education colleges. In addition, there should be personal financial aid and 15 years free education policy. Both public and private technical and vocational education colleges expected that the government may consider appropriate planning on the allocation of students and fairness of government subsidies for the private colleges. Recommendations The results showed that the above-mentioned suggestions for possible mechanism of joint management between public and private technical and vocational education colleges are as follows. 1. The student numbers’ right for the policy formulation at the first stage, for the relatively small size colleges, should have between 280 and 320 students. Teaching courses that private technical and vocational education colleges usually provide such as business computing and accountancy. Thus, there should be guidance on the courses for prospect students to study in private vocational schools. 2. Encouraging an opportunity for private technical and vocational education colleges to join in human resource development program and use teaching materials and tools at public colleges, at the expenses stated by the government regulations. This measure should lower the costs of education and improve the vocational students’ quality. 3. Consideration on student fees at private technical and vocational education colleges under local conditions and the context of community. 4. Defining manpower development goals for both labor market and entrepreneurship rather than continuing education. It would be an establishment of public and private colleges fund for technical and vocational graduates to start up. This should be advice and under the cooperation among industrial and service enterprises as well as local farming. 5. Encouraging and supporting the joint activities of both public and private colleges’ students at the provincial level. This measure will pave the way for joint planning on the target and allocation of students. 6. Developing a single database for public and private