สินค้าส่งออกอันดับ 1 ของอาณาจักรอยุธยา คืออะไร

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��Է�ԾŨҡ�Ѩ��¹͡ �� ҳҹԤ��ͧ�ҵԵ��ѹ��繵�ǡ�е��Ӥѭ ��㹻մѧ��繻շ�� ʹ��ѭ�Һ�� (Bowring Treatise) �Ѻ�ѧ�� Ţͧʹ��ѭ�ҷ��ç��ҧ��ɰ�Ԩ��¹�ŧ��С��к��ع��š��

��ҧ�á��Ѳ�ҡ�âͧ��ɰ�Ԩ�¡�͹˹�ҹ��ظ�� ֧�ѵ��Թ��͹�� դ��ʹ�� ͧ�ҡ�Ѩ��·ҧ��ͧ��û��ͧ��кͺ��Ҫ��պ��ҷ��ҧ�ҡ㹡�á�˹��ç��ҧ��ɰ�Ԩ��ҳ

Sir John Bowring
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�ѧ�� ͸Ժ��ɰ��ʵ��ԵԷҧ��ѵ��ʵ�� ҧ��觷��ͧ��㨺�Ժ��ҧ�ѧ��С��ͧ��ç��ҧ�ԧʶҺѹ��ҹ��ǹ�觼š�з��ɰ�Ԩ��¹��ҧ�� 觻��繷��Ҩ��Ժ�ҾԨ�ó� �� ҷ�ͧ�Ѱ��੾��к��ѡ�Թҷ��յ��ɰ�Ԩ �Զա�ü�Ե��ٻẺ�ҧ��ä��ʹյ

�ҳҨѡ��ظ�� ɰ��ʵ�캹�ҹ�ѡ�Թҹ��

�к��ѡ�Թ� ��к��١�Դ�鹢��ͨѴ��º��Ѻ�ѧ�� ��к��š�Ҷ (�.�.1997) ��к��ѧ��Թ��ͧ�Ѵ��Ѻ��餹��ѧ�� к��ѡ�ԹҢͧ��ظ��դ��¤�֧�Ѻ�к� Fuedalism �ͧ��û ��Թ�Ѻ�繻Ѩ��¡�ü�Ե��Ӥѭ㹷ҧ��ɰ��ʵ�� ѧ��鹼��㴤�ͺ��ͧ��Թ�ҡ ��͡�ʷ��ع��Ф��觤��ҡ��仴��

�ٻẺ��ü�Ե�ͧ�Ѱ��ҳ�١�Ѻ��͹��Ҥ�ɵá�� ͡�ҡ��ͧ��Ե��ѧ�վ�� ѧ��ͧ��Ե��Ѻ�ع�ҧ�ա�ҧ˹�觴�� 駹��к��ѡ�Թ��˹��ع�ҧ��ö��纼ż�Ե��˹�觡�͹��ҷ�ͧ��Ф�ѧ

��˵ع��ͧ��ɮ��֧��繵�ͧ��Ź��ѧ�Ѵ ��С��ѧ�Ѵ�͡�ҡ��Ѻ��ä��ͧ�ҡ�ع�ҧ��ɮ��ѧ��ͧ�觼ż�Ե��Ѻ��Ź��ҹ��ա�ҧ˹�觴�� ѧ��ɰ�Ԩ��ҳ��ѡɳе�ҧ�ͺ᷹��觡ѹ��Сѹ (Reciprocal) ��к� Fuedalism �ͧ��û��ѡɳ��ǡѹ��

�Ţͧ��觪�鹵��ѡ�Թҷ��á�˹�˹�ҷ��ͧ��Ъҡ��ҳҨѡ��դ��Ѵਹ �Ŵѧ��Ƿ��͡��㹡��͹��¨Ѵ��÷�Ѿ�ҡ��Ҥ��ü�Ե�� ҡ ��˵ع��ͧ��ѵ�ҡ�è��ԭ�Ժⵢͧ��ɰ�Ԩ��ҳ�֧��ҧ�� Դ��੾��ҳҨѡ��ظ��§��ҹ��

��Шҡ��֡�Ңͧ Angus Maddison �� ѵ�ҡ�è��ԭ�Ժ⵷ҧ��ɰ�Ԩ�ͧ�ѧ��ҳ��ҧ �չ ��Թ��¹��դ��¢ͧ��ԭ�Ժ��§�� 1 (��ʹ��ô�٧ҹ�ͧ Angus Maddison� The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective)

�ѡ��ѵ��ʵ��ɰ�Ԩ��к��ɰ�Ԩ��ҹ�ͧ�ѡ�Թҹ��к��ʶҺѹ�ҧ��ͧ��ö�֧��ǹ�Թ�ҧ��ɰ�Ԩ (Economic Surplus) �ҡ��ǹ�˭�ͧ�ѧ�� Ŵѧ��Ƿ��èѴ��÷�Ѿ�ҡá�ü�Ե�ʹյ��Դ��Է��Ҿ �͡�ʷ��ɰ�Ԩ�Т��µ�Ǩ֧��ҡ

�ҾἹ��ا��ظ��ʹյ
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��Ѻ�Զա�ü�ԵẺ�ѧ�վ (Subsistency)

��Ҿ��Ի��Ȣͧ�ҳҨѡ��ظ��ѡɳ��з��ͺ�� 3 ��˭� �� Ҿ�� ӻ��ѡ ��ž�� ˵ع��ͧ��Թ�ѧ��դ��ش��ó��ҧ�ҡ��͡��л�١��੾�Т�� 駹��Ըա�û�١��Ǣͧ��ҳ��դ��Ѻ�Ѻ��͹��ҡ�ѡ ��ͧ��ҧ�ѹ� �� ѵ��㹡�÷ӹ��ҧ��Ǥ��

��§��ҹ��§�͵�͡�û�١�� ѧ��ç�ҹ��ɮ��ǹ�˭�֧��Ҥ�ɵá�� ӹҭ㹡�û�١��Ǣͧ��ҧ��ҹҹ �Ѩ��´ѧ�� ѧ��ҧ��º�ԧ��º��º㹡��л�١��Ѻ�ҳҨѡè��ظ�ҡ��觻�١��Ƿ��˭��ش��˹�觢ͧ�š

�͡�ҡ�Ҥ�ɵá��Ҥ�ѵ��Ѻ��ա�Ҥ˹�觷��պ��ҷ��͡�âѺ��͹��ɰ�Ԩ�ͧ�ҳҨѡ� �Ҥ�ѵ��Ӥѭ�� ÷ӷͧ �� ҹ�� ҹ�մҺ �繵� ��駹��ҧ��ͧ͢��ظ��ʹյ�ж��·ʹ෤��ա�ü�Ե�ҡ�� Ǣͧ��Ҫ�ҧ��Ẻ�� 觵�ҧ�ҡ�ѧ��û��ҳ��ա��Ǣͧ��Ҫ�ҧ��ѡɳз��Ҥ��Ŵ� (Guild Society)

��Դ��ͧ㹡�þѲ�ҧҹ�� ෤��ա�ü�Ե��ҳ (�Ѩ�غѹ��¡��Իѭ�ҷ�ͧ��) ��ö��Ե�Թ��ҡ � (Mass Production) ��Իѭ��ҹ��Ѻ��ҡ�ҹ��Դ��þѲ��Ըա�ü�Ե��觢��

��Ҩ��Զա�ü�Ե�ͧ��Ъҡ��ǹ�˭��ҳҨѡ��ظ��ѡɳо�觾ҵ��ͧ��Ӥѭ �ǡ��Ѻ��ä��ͧ�ҡ�Ѱ��Ź��Է�Ի��ª��ҡ�ѡ�ҡ��ԡ�âͧ�Ѱ ��ü�Ե��ѧ�վ��ٻẺ��ä�Ҩ֧��ѡɳТͧ��š��¹�ͧ��ͧ͢��ѡ (Barter System) �к��Ҵ��Թ��͡�ҧ㹡��š��¹�֧�պ��ҷ�� м�餹��ǹ�ҡ��ѧ��ͧ��ع

�ٻẺ�ҧ��ä��ҳ �ӹҨ�١�Ҵ�ͧ��Ф�ѧ�Թ��

ʶҹо�ͤ��ʹյ�ͧ��ѧ��ѡ��Ѻ��Ѻ��㴹ѡ ��ҧ�� ó��ͧ��ʹҾ��Ѻ��Ѻ��ӴѺ�� 3 ��ͧ�ҡ��С�ѵ�� ǡѺ�ѧ��û�ʹյ��ͧ��Ҫվ��ͤ��Ҫվ��ǧ�ҡ��ë�觢Ѵ�Ѻ��ѡ��ͷҧ��ʹ�

��Ѻ�ҳҨѡ��ظ��, �ѡɳТͧ��ä��ö��͡�� 2 �ٻẺ ��ٻẺ�á�繡�ä��ҳҨѡâͧ��ɮ÷�� Ѻ�ٻẺ��ä��ҧ�Ѱ��觹Ѻ��պ��ҷ��ҧ�ҡ㹡��ҧ��觤��Ѻ�ҳҨѡ��ظ��

��Ǣ�ҧ��Զա�ü�Ե�ͧ��ɮ��ǹ�˭� �� Ե��Ź��ѧ�Ѵ ��͹��Ź�¨��ѡ��˹��觵��ͧ��Ф�ѧ ��ǹ��ɮè��ͺ��ͧ ��ҡ��ҡ��ҹ�鹡�й�仢��

��ٻẺ�ͧ��â��ѡɳС��š��¹�ҡ�� Ѱ�С�˹��ա��Թ�¡�˹�˹��¢ͧ�Թ�� ͧ �Ѱ ��֧ �繵� �躷�ҷ�ͧ�Թ��¹��ѧ��繷�� Сͺ�Ѻ�к��Ҵ��ѧ�� ʶҺѹ��Թ�繵��д��ع ��ä�Ҩ֧��ǧ�ӡѴ��㹷ҧ��š��¹��Ӥѭ

��ä�һ��ͧ�� ä��Ѱ ��ä��ѡɳй��Ѳ��Ҩҡ��ä��к��óҡ�ë��ըչ��ٹ��ҧ�ͧ�ҳҨѡ�� ä��Ẻ��ͧ��ԭ��Ҫ��բͧ�ҳҨѡ÷��¤Ǻ��仴�� ҧ�á��ͻ��ᶺ��û��ҧ�õ�� ໹ ��ѹ�� ѧ�� Ҥ�Ң�¡Ѻ��ᶺ�� ٻẺ�ҧ��ä�Ҩ֧��¹�

��ҷ�ҹ��ҹ��㹵͹��ɰ��ʵ��ӹѡ��¹��Ƕ֧�Է�ԾŢͧ�ӹѡ Mercantilism ��ҡ��ҧ��觤��Ѻ��ȵ�ͧ�Ҩҡ��ä��ǧ��ҳҹԤ��ҡ��ش ��Է�ԾŢͧ��Դ�ѧ��Ҷ֧�蹴Թ��㹪�ǧ��ا��ظ�ҡ��ѧ��ҧ��ҧ��Ǿʹ�

��鹰ҹ�Ӥѭ�ͧ��÷ӡ�ä�ҡѺ��ҧ�� ÷��蹴Թ��ظ�Ҩо��Ҫ�ҹ�Է��ͤ�һ��ȵ�ҧ � ��ҹ��ҵ��ҧ��ͺ��ѷ��ҳҨѡ��ظ�� 觡��˵ؼ�˹�觷��ҵ��ҹ��ӡͧ��âͧ��ͧ�Ҵ��ҧ��ͧ��þԷѡ��Ե��з�Ѿ��Թ�ͧ��㹪ҵԵ� �� ¾��ྷ�Ҫ�͹حҵ��ͤ��ѹ�ҵ��ʶҹա�ä��ͧ��ո��Ҫ �繵�

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˹��§ҹ��պ��ҷ�ҧ��ä�ҡѺ��ҧ��ظ�� ��Ф�ѧ�Թ�� ˹��§ҹ��Ѻ�繵��᷹�ͧ�Ѱ��ҳҨѡ��ظ�ҷ��˹��ҹ��ü١�Ҵ��ë��͢��Թ��ҡѺ��ͤ�Ҫ�ǵ�ҧ�ҵ� ��¹�ѹ��ɰҹ��Ըա�ü١�Ҵ��ë��͢��Թ��Ѱ��Ҩ��Ѻ�Է�Ծ��Ҩҡ�չ��¡�к�� �к��ҧ�� (Canton System) ��ü١�Ҵ�Թ��к��Ф�ѧ�Թ��ҵá�÷��¤Ǻ��Թ��͡�ҧ��Դ �� ظ�׹�ҡ��ѹ�� 觡�˹��Ѱ��§��Ƿ��ö��

��з��͡ ��Ф�ѧ�Թ��ҡ��繼��˹��Թ��е��ҤҢ��Ѻ��ҧ�ҵ�� Ф�ѧ�Թ��ҨТ��Թ��Ѻ��ǵ�ҧ�ҵ��Ҥ��Һ�� 17 �ҷ ��駷��Ҥһ��Ԣ�¡ѹ�� 5 �ҷ �� ͧᴧ��Ф�ѧ�Թ��ҫ��Ҩҡ��Ҥ��պ�� 15 ��Ң�µ��觨Т��Ҥ��պ�� 20 �� ҹ��ʴ��ӹҨ�١�Ҵ��ҧ��ԧ�ͧ��Ф�ѧ�Թ��

��ü١�Ҵ��ö��˹��Թ��ҵ�ʹ��Ҥҫ��͢�� ҧ��ͧ�ӹ֧�֧��觢ѹ��ҧ� ��ä��к��١�Ҵ�ͧ��Ф�ѧ�Թ��ҷ��ҳҨѡ��ظ��դ��觤��ҡ��੾�� й��³��Ҫ �žǧ�ҡ��觤�觷��ظ��ö��ʧ��´Թᴹ��ѧ��ͧ��ҧ � ��ǧ��ͧ��ҷҧ��ä��ҧ ��ո��Ҫ ��С� ʧ�� 繵�

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1. �Ҿ�ҡ www.wikipedia.org
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