โครมาทิน โครโมโซม มีความสัมพันธ์กันอย่างไร

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��˹�觤�ʹ�� (DNA) ��·��Ҿ��¤��ҧ��¹��

�ٻ�� 1.1 �ç��ҧ�ͧ��

: DNA �բ�Ҵ��鹼��ٹ��ҧ��ҳ 2 ��дѺ��
��ҨоѺ DNA ��ҧ��բ�Ҵ��鹼��ٹ��ҧ��ҳ
1000 �� дѺ��

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�ѡɳз��ѹ�ѹ��ҧ��º ��繡��ҡ��纴��ͷ��Ǣ�Ҵ��
�ͺࢵ�ͧ��ʷ��ҡ ��ж��Դ��㹢�з��ѧ��
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��º ��ҡ         �� ��բ�Ҵ��鹼��ٹ��ҧ��ҳ 2 �� Ѻ�Ѻ�õչ��
��ǹ�˭��õչ��⵹ (histone protein) ��ç��ҧ��¡�� ��ҷԹ
(chromatin) ��բ�Ҵ��鹼��ٹ��ҧ��ҳ 10 �� ç��ҧ��Դ�ҡ��÷��
��´��;ѹ�ͺ�õչ��⵹ 8 �ѹ ��¡�ç��ҧ��Դ�ҡ��þѹ�ѹ��
��Ǥ�� (nucleosome) ��ҷԹ 1 �� л�Сͺ��¹�Ǥ��
�ӹǹ�ҡ (polynucleosomes) Roger Kornberg (1974) �֡��ç��ҧ�ͧ��ҷԹ
��ͧ��ŷ��ȹ��硵�͹��紡�� ӹǹ�ҡ ��͡ѹ
��¢�Ҵ�� ͡�ҡ��ѧ�鷴�ͧ��Ѻ�Ѵ��ҵѴ��ҷԹ
��鹴��ͷ��բ�Ҵ��ҳ 200 �� ӹǹ�ҡ 㹢�з��
��Դ��ǡѹ�Ѵ��´��ͨ��鹴��ͷ��բ�Ҵᵡ��ҧ�ѹ ��ػ��ҡ�÷��Ѵ
��ҷԹ��鹢�Ҵ��ҳ 200 ��ͧ�ҡ��Ѵ��੾�к��ǳ
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�ç��ҧ��鹼��ٹ��ҧ�˭��¡�� ��չ�´� (solenoid) ��Тͧ��â��
�ѧ��Ǩ��ѧ��ٻ��ҧ��Ѵਹ ��з�觢��蹷��ش��ٻ��ҧ��¡ҡ�ҷ (X) ��й��֧��¡�� �� (��ٻ��ҧ��¡ҡ�ҷ�� ѧࡵ��
��ҧ�Ѵਹ��ʢͧ�� ٻ��ҧ�ѧ��ǻ�Сͺ
仴��ҷԹ 2 �� Դ�ѹ��ૹ��)

�ٻ�� 1.2 ��èѺ�ͧ DNA �Ѻ�õչ��⵹

: �س�Դ��š�� ͺҧ��¡��͹��
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��ѧࡵ��ͧ��ŷ��ȹ�Ẻ��ʧ ��ö�¡��ᵡ��ҧ
�ͧ��Ф��´٨ҡ��Ҵ ��˹觢ͧૹ�� (centromere) ��ٻẺ
��Դ�շ��ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ ��ѡɳ��͹�ѹ��㹴�ҹ��Ҵ ��˹觢ͧ
ૹ�� ٻẺ��Դ��¡�� ��š�� (homologous chromosome) ��ҧ�á��բ��¡��Ѻ��š��ҧ��
�ѡɳ��͹�ѹ��㹴�ҹ��Ҵ ��˹觢ͧૹ�� ʹ��ٻẺ��Դ��
�� ͧ�� X �� Y �� (sex chromosomes)
��辺��

�ٻ�� 1.3 �Ҿ�ʴ� homologous chromosome

��š��˹��Ѻ��ö��·ʹ�Ҩҡ�� ǹ�ա��˹��Ѻ
��ö��·ʹ�Ҩҡ�� 2 �觹��ѡɳ��͹�ѹ��ͧ��ҹ
��ͧ��ŷ��ȹ� ��Ѻ�դ��ᵡ��ҧ�ͧ�չ��躹��˹��ǡѹ ��͹-��
��ҷԴ (non-sister chromatids) �դ��ᵡ��ҧ�ѹ仴�� ҡ�Ҿ��ҹ��˹�
��չ��躹��˹� � �ͧ�� 2 �� Ǻ��ѡɳ��鹼� �չ��˹� �
�ͧ��觫��ͷ��ѡɳм��ѡ ��ǹ�չ��˹� � �ͧ��
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�ѡɳоѹ�ء��ͧ��ҡ��

: ��ҷԹ��ҧ�ѹ��ҧ��

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